阿富汗
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 阿富汗正在翻译，欢迎您积极翻译与修订。目前已翻译50%，原文在http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan
阿富汗伊斯兰共和国（中文简称阿富汗，普什图语/波斯语：Afğānistān افغانستان）是一个位于亚洲西南部的内陆国家。阿富汗的北部和土库曼斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦以及塔吉克斯坦接壤，东部与中国以及部分巴基斯坦控制的查謨—克什米爾地区（有争议）接壤，南部与巴基斯坦接壤，西部与伊朗接壤。其中领土的五分之三交通不便。农业是主要的经济支柱，但可耕地还不足农用地的三分之二。人口2900万，是世界上最贫穷的国家之一。
[编辑] 地理参见阿富汗地理 ==人口== 参看阿富汗人口 ==历史== 参看阿富汗历史 阿富汗通常被称为中亚的十字路口，它的历史充满了战争和社会动荡。历史上，这个如今称为阿富汗的地区处在各个时期许多主要帝国的边缘，它们包括波斯帝国、孔雀王朝、贵霜王朝、大英帝国和苏联，还有成吉思汗和亚历山大大帝。 今天的阿富汗是从1746年开始在杜兰尼王朝下建立的，但是控制权直到1919年阿曼努拉(Amanullah)国王同意继承王位后才从英国手中夺回。在英国干涉阿富汗期间，普什图族领地被分杜兰线分成两个部分，结果导致了阿富汗和英属印度以及后来的巴基斯坦之间关系的紧张，被称为普什图斯坦(Pashtunistan)争端。 The historical rulers of Afghanistan belonged to the Abdali tribe of the ethnic Afghans, whose name was changed to Durrani upon the accession of Ahmad Shah. They belonged to the Saddozay segment of the Popalzay clan or to the Mohammadzay segment of the Barakzay clan of the ethnic Afghans. The Mohammadzay furnished the Saddozay kings frequently with top counsellors, who served occasionally as regents, identified with the epithet Mohammadzay. Since 1900, eleven rulers were unseated through undemocratic means: 1919 (assassination), 1929 (abdication), 1929 (execution), 1933 (assassination), 1973 (deposition), 1978 (execution), 1979 (execution), 1979 (execution), 1987 (removal), 1992 (overthrow), 1996 (overthrow) and 2001 (overthrow). The last period of stability in Afghanistan lay between 1933 and 1973, when the country was under the rule of King Zahir Shah. However, in 1973, Zahir's brother-in-law, Sardar Mohammed Daoud launched a bloodless coup. Daoud and his entire family were murdered in 1978 when the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan launched a coup and took over the government. Opposition against, and conflict within, the series of leftist governments that followed was considerable. In August 1978 the American government commenced funding anti-government mujahideen forces; the Soviet Union invaded on December 24, 1979. Faced with mounting international pressure and losses of approximately 15,000 Soviet soldiers as a result of mujahideen opposition trained by the United States, Pakistan, and other foreign governments, the Soviets withdrew ten years later in 1989. For more details, see Soviet war in Afghanistan. Fighting subsequently continued among the various mujahidin factions. This eventually gave rise to a state of warlordism. The chaos and corruption involved in warlordism in turn spawned the rise of the Taliban in reaction. The most serious of this fighting occurred in 1994, when 10,000 people were killed from factions fighting in the Kabul area. Backed by Pakistan and her strategic allies, the Taliban developed as a political/religious force and eventually seized power in 1996. The Taliban were able to capture 90% of the country, aside from Afghan Northern Alliance strongholds primarily in the northeast. The Taliban sought to impose a strict interpretation of Islamic Sharia law. The Taliban gave safe haven and assistance to individuals and organizations that engaged in terrorism, especially Osama bin Laden's Al-Qaeda. The United States and allied military action in support of the opposition following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks forced the group's downfall. In late 2001, major leaders from the Afghan opposition groups and diaspora met in Bonn and agreed on a plan for the formulation of a new government structure that resulted in the inauguration of Hamid Karzai as Chairman of the Afghan Interim Authority (AIA) on December 2001. After a nationwide Loya Jirga in 2002, Karzai was elected President. 2005年3月3日至25日間，連續強震擊襲阿富汗，使阿富汗受到重創。死亡人數超過1800人，數千千計的房屋倒塌，受傷人數超過4000人。The earthquakes occurred at Samangan Province (March 3) and Baghlan Province (March 25). The latter was the worse of the two, and incurred most of the casualties. International authorities assisted the Afghan government in dealing with the situation. As the country continues to get its feet back on the ground, as of late 2005 it was struggling against extreme poverty, severe warlordism, a battered infrastructure, a huge number of land mines and other unexploded ordinance, as well as a sizeable illegal poppy and heroin trade. It was also subject to occasionally violent political jockeying as the nation' first elections were successfully held, and occasional acts of violence from a few remaining al-Qaeda and Taliban elements and the on-going military opeations to root them out. See also: Afghanistan timeline, Invasions of Afghanistan
历史上主要的政权：
[编辑] 行政区划
中华人民共和国商务部驻阿富汗使馆经商处2005.10 ==政治== 参看阿富汗政治 ==经济== 参看阿富汗经济 [编辑] 贸易
[编辑] 教育战后的阿富汗人才奇缺，文盲率高达65％，仅有4％的妇女念过书。阿富汗新政府将教育放在非常优先的地位，在国际社会的大力支持下，教育事业取得了显著的进步。2002至2004年间，约有420万学龄儿童重返校园，达到了儿童入学人数的历史最高点。女童受教育权利得以逐步恢复。2003年，女童在校生比例为30％。高等教育由十余所高等院校执行，包括喀布尔大学等6所综合大学，1所农业研究院，1所工艺学院，1所国家医学院和数所师范学院。目前在政府机关和学校担当要职的官员、学者，清一色为海归派，且大多为欧美海归。 [编辑] 旅游[编辑] 体育[编辑] 参阅[编辑] 外部鏈接
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