頓河

頓河 (羅斯托夫州一段，2002年)

頓河 (Дон)是俄羅斯主要河流之一。發源於圖拉附近，長1,950公里，流入亞速海。在最東部與伏爾加河以長105公里伏爾加-頓河運河相連。

本條目仍然有文字尚未被翻譯成中文，條目是根據en:River Don進行翻譯。 歡迎您積極參與翻譯與修訂，目前翻譯的進度為5%。

[编辑] 基本資料

頓河(Дон)是俄羅斯其中一條大型河流，發源近莫斯科東南的圖拉(Tula)，流過約1,950公里(1,220英哩)的距離至裡海。

頓河從其源頭起，首先向東南方流向沃羅涅日，然後向西南方向入海，河上主要城市為羅斯托夫，主要支流是頓內次河。

[编辑] 歷史

In the antiquity, the river was viewed as the border between Europe and Asia. In the Hebrew Book of Jubilees, it is mentioned as being part of the border, beginning with its westernmost point up to its mouth, between the allotment of Japheth to the north and that of Shem to the south, sons of Noah. During the times of the old Scythians it was known in Greek as the Tanaïs, and has been a major trading route ever since.

Tanais appears in ancient Greek sources as the name of the river and of a city on it, situated in the Maeotian marshes. The name derives however from Scythian Dānu "river", akin to modern Ossetic don "river".

At its easternmost point, the Don comes near the Volga, and the Volga-Don Canal (length ca. 105 km (65 miles)), connecting both rivers, has been a major waterway. The Khazar fortress of Sarkel used to dominate this point in the Middle Ages. This part of the river saw Operation Uranus, one of the turning points of the Second World War.

The Don has given its name to the Don Cossacks who settled the fertile valley of the river in the 16th and 17th centuries. In modern literature, the Don figures centrally in the works of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, a Cossack from the stanitsa of Veshenskaya.